I know there are a lot of terms, but DO NOT be overwhelmed, I promise they will help you. Luckily, you have this sheet to look at when talking investments! 

Term Definition
Investing Moving money into something: stocks, real estate, or businesses. This is done with the ultimate goal of making money over a period of time.
Finance Management of large sums of money, typically by large companies or governments; Provide funding for company or enterprise.
Common Stock Type of ownership in a company that lets you vote on a company's decisions and earn a share of their profits.*If the company performs well, your stock value will increase, however, you will be the last to get paid, if the company performs poorly.
Bull-market A period in the stock market where prices are rising or expected to rise, causes investors to feel confidence in future growth.*  When the market is considered bullish investors always say “buy” as they are optimistic about a raised stock price
Bear-Market A period in the stock market where prices are falling (usually by 20% or more). Investors are pessimistic about the future of the stocks typically.*at this time investors have a few options, sell, stand, or buy more. (if buying more wait till stock is at the lowest price)
Portfolio A collection of a person's different investments which helps to manage risk and grow wealth
Government Bond Loans that you would give the government and in exchange you would receive regular interest payments. *By giving the government money they promise to pay you back in full after a set period(this is considered the safest form of investment)
Treasury Bills (T-Bills) Short-term government bonds that you buy at a discounted price and would get back at full price once they reach maturity. Safe and low risk.
Long Term Bonds Debt securities, issued by government or companies, that have a maturity period of at least 10 years. These bonds will pay back at a regular interest over time and the principal amount after maturity.
Dividend A company's payments to its shareholders, typically form its profits. *Think of it as a reward for owning their stock.
Index A measurement of the performance of a group of stocks. They often represent a section of the stock market.
Exchange- Traded Funds (ETFs) Investment funds that have a mix of assets, which could be stocks or bonds, are traded normally. This allows you to invest in multiple assets with one purchase.
Market Capitalization(Cap) The total value of a company's share of stocks. calculated by multiplying the stock price by outstanding shares. This shows the size of a company.
Liquidity How easily something can be turned into cash without affecting its market value, whether it is stocks or property. High liquidity means it sells fast while low liquidity means it takes a while.
Diversification Spreading out investments across different assets. This reduces the risk of capital loss.*This goes further than regular investments. People in Finance love this wor
Volatility How quickly the price of an investment moves. High volatility means the price may move a lot in a short time.* If you are a riskier investor you will buy stocks with a higher volatility
Price-To-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio) comparison of a company's stock price to its earnings per share. This shows how much investors would pay for each dollar of a company's earnings.
Hedge Fund A private investment fund that groups money from wealthy investors to invest in a wide range of assets. This uses high-risk strategies to generate high returns.*Contact hedge fund managers to potentially purchase
Return On Investment (ROI) Measurement of the potential profit or loss you made on an investment compared to the amount you invested.
Beta How much a stock price moves compared to the overall market. If it is greater than one the investment is more volatile, if less it is less volatile. The closer to one the more it moves with the market
Ticker Short "code" of letters which is used to identify a company's stock in the stock exchange.
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) Average growth rate of an investment over the course of a year. Shows an investments consistent growth over time.
Balance Sheet Financial statement that shows the assets, liabilities, and equity of a company at a point in time. This is what the company owns, owes, and is worth.*A public company is legally required to discloser this information
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) A method used to estimate an investments value based on its projected cash flow, adjusted for the time value of money. *This helps wheter the investment is worth pursuing
Income Statement Financial report which shows the revenues, expenses, and profits of a company over a set time. This assess the profit or loss of a company.
Standard Deviation Measurement if how much the ROI varies from the average return. Higher standard deviation is more volatile.
Private Equity Investments in a privately owned companies (Not in stock market). The investors who buy shares in private equity help them grow and sell for profit.*Must have connections to buy in private equity
Bid The price that a buyer is willing to pay for a companys stock.
Ask The price of a stock that a seller is willing to accept.
Cash Flow Movement of money in and out of a business/investment. Shows income and expenses of a company over a period of time.
Certificate of Deposit (CDs) Savings account with fixed interest rates and a set term. For these, you deposit money for a set time and earn interest on the account. At the end of the term you get the original amount plus interest earned.
Business Cycle The natural rise and fall of economic activity. Peak being the highest point of the cycle and trough being the lowest.
Treasury Bonds Long term government debt security, has fixed interest rate, and is issued by the U.S. govenrent. They pay interest everu 6 months and returns full amount once reaches maturity.
Stock Split When a compoany divides its existing shares into more shares, as a result each share is worth less but the overall value remains.
Growth Rate Percentage of how much a companys earnings or investment has increased.
Net Income Total profit of a company after subtracting all expenses, taxes and cost from revenue.
Price to Book (P/B Ratio) Compares comapnys stock price to its book value for each share. This shows if stick is overvalued or undervalued.* High P/B ratio
Equity Value Indicate an expectation of future growth and how investors are willing to pay more for each dollar of the companys assets. Sign of a companys overall financial health and growth prospects.
Asset Allocation A strategy of dividing your investments amongst different assets. This balances risk and reward based on your goals and risk tolerance.
Venture Capital Money invested in startup companies/small businesses with high growth potential, as a result the investor receives owenership shares or equity.
Initial Public Offering (IPO) The first time a company sells it shares to the public in order to raise money and begin trading publicly on the stock exchange.
Term Definition
Investing Moving money into something: stocks, real estate, or businesses. This is done with the ultimate goal of making money over a period of time.
Finance Management of large sums of money, typically by large companies or governments; Provide funding for company or enterprise.
Common Stock Type of ownership in a company that lets you vote on a company's decisions and earn a share of their profits.*If the company performs well, your stock value will increase, however, you will be the last to get paid, if the company performs poorly.
Bull-market A period in the stock market where prices are rising or expected to rise, causes investors to feel confidence in future growth.*  When the market is considered bullish investors always say “buy” as they are optimistic about a raised stock price
Bear-Market A period in the stock market where prices are falling (usually by 20% or more). Investors are pessimistic about the future of the stocks typically.*at this time investors have a few options, sell, stand, or buy more. (if buying more wait till stock is at the lowest price)
Portfolio A collection of a person's different investments which helps to manage risk and grow wealth
Government Bond Loans that you would give the government and in exchange you would receive regular interest payments. *By giving the government money they promise to pay you back in full after a set period(this is considered the safest form of investment)
Treasury Bills (T-Bills) Short-term government bonds that you buy at a discounted price and would get back at full price once they reach maturity. Safe and low risk.
Long Term Bonds Debt securities, issued by government or companies, that have a maturity period of at least 10 years. These bonds will pay back at a regular interest over time and the principal amount after maturity.
Dividend A company's payments to its shareholders, typically form its profits. *Think of it as a reward for owning their stock.
Index A measurement of the performance of a group of stocks. They often represent a section of the stock market.
Exchange- Traded Funds (ETFs) Investment funds that have a mix of assets, which could be stocks or bonds, are traded normally. This allows you to invest in multiple assets with one purchase.
Market Capitalization(Cap) The total value of a company's share of stocks. calculated by multiplying the stock price by outstanding shares. This shows the size of a company.
Liquidity How easily something can be turned into cash without affecting its market value, whether it is stocks or property. High liquidity means it sells fast while low liquidity means it takes a while.
Diversification Spreading out investments across different assets. This reduces the risk of capital loss.*This goes further than regular investments. People in Finance love this wor
Volatility How quickly the price of an investment moves. High volatility means the price may move a lot in a short time.* If you are a riskier investor you will buy stocks with a higher volatility
Price-To-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio) comparison of a company's stock price to its earnings per share. This shows how much investors would pay for each dollar of a company's earnings.
Hedge Fund A private investment fund that groups money from wealthy investors to invest in a wide range of assets. This uses high-risk strategies to generate high returns.*Contact hedge fund managers to potentially purchase
Return On Investment (ROI) Measurement of the potential profit or loss you made on an investment compared to the amount you invested.
Beta How much a stock price moves compared to the overall market. If it is greater than one the investment is more volatile, if less it is less volatile. The closer to one the more it moves with the market
Ticker Short "code" of letters which is used to identify a company's stock in the stock exchange.
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) Average growth rate of an investment over the course of a year. Shows an investments consistent growth over time.
Balance Sheet Financial statement that shows the assets, liabilities, and equity of a company at a point in time. This is what the company owns, owes, and is worth.*A public company is legally required to discloser this information
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) A method used to estimate an investments value based on its projected cash flow, adjusted for the time value of money. *This helps wheter the investment is worth pursuing
Income Statement Financial report which shows the revenues, expenses, and profits of a company over a set time. This assess the profit or loss of a company.
Standard Deviation Measurement if how much the ROI varies from the average return. Higher standard deviation is more volatile.
Private Equity Investments in a privately owned companies (Not in stock market). The investors who buy shares in private equity help them grow and sell for profit.*Must have connections to buy in private equity
Bid The price that a buyer is willing to pay for a companys stock.
Ask The price of a stock that a seller is willing to accept.
Cash Flow Movement of money in and out of a business/investment. Shows income and expenses of a company over a period of time.
Certificate of Deposit (CDs) Savings account with fixed interest rates and a set term. For these, you deposit money for a set time and earn interest on the account. At the end of the term you get the original amount plus interest earned.
Business Cycle The natural rise and fall of economic activity. Peak being the highest point of the cycle and trough being the lowest.
Treasury Bonds Long term government debt security, has fixed interest rate, and is issued by the U.S. govenrent. They pay interest everu 6 months and returns full amount once reaches maturity.
Stock Split When a compoany divides its existing shares into more shares, as a result each share is worth less but the overall value remains.
Growth Rate Percentage of how much a companys earnings or investment has increased.
Net Income Total profit of a company after subtracting all expenses, taxes and cost from revenue.
Price to Book (P/B Ratio) Compares comapnys stock price to its book value for each share. This shows if stick is overvalued or undervalued.* High P/B ratio
Equity Value Indicate an expectation of future growth and how investors are willing to pay more for each dollar of the companys assets. Sign of a companys overall financial health and growth prospects.
Asset Allocation A strategy of dividing your investments amongst different assets. This balances risk and reward based on your goals and risk tolerance.
Venture Capital Money invested in startup companies/small businesses with high growth potential, as a result the investor receives owenership shares or equity.
Initial Public Offering (IPO) The first time a company sells it shares to the public in order to raise money and begin trading publicly on the stock exchange.
Term Definition
Investing Moving money into something: stocks, real estate, or businesses. This is done with the ultimate goal of making money over a period of time.
Finance Management of large sums of money, typically by large companies or governments; Provide funding for company or enterprise.
Common Stock Type of ownership in a company that lets you vote on a company's decisions and earn a share of their profits.*If the company performs well, your stock value will increase, however, you will be the last to get paid, if the company performs poorly.
Bull-market A period in the stock market where prices are rising or expected to rise, causes investors to feel confidence in future growth.*  When the market is considered bullish investors always say “buy” as they are optimistic about a raised stock price
Bear-Market A period in the stock market where prices are falling (usually by 20% or more). Investors are pessimistic about the future of the stocks typically.*at this time investors have a few options, sell, stand, or buy more. (if buying more wait till stock is at the lowest price)
Portfolio A collection of a person's different investments which helps to manage risk and grow wealth
Government Bond Loans that you would give the government and in exchange you would receive regular interest payments. *By giving the government money they promise to pay you back in full after a set period(this is considered the safest form of investment)
Treasury Bills (T-Bills) Short-term government bonds that you buy at a discounted price and would get back at full price once they reach maturity. Safe and low risk.
Long Term Bonds Debt securities, issued by government or companies, that have a maturity period of at least 10 years. These bonds will pay back at a regular interest over time and the principal amount after maturity.
Dividend A company's payments to its shareholders, typically form its profits. *Think of it as a reward for owning their stock.
Index A measurement of the performance of a group of stocks. They often represent a section of the stock market.
Exchange- Traded Funds (ETFs) Investment funds that have a mix of assets, which could be stocks or bonds, are traded normally. This allows you to invest in multiple assets with one purchase.
Market Capitalization(Cap) The total value of a company's share of stocks. calculated by multiplying the stock price by outstanding shares. This shows the size of a company.
Liquidity How easily something can be turned into cash without affecting its market value, whether it is stocks or property. High liquidity means it sells fast while low liquidity means it takes a while.